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**M**\\ | **M**\\ | ||
• [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Measurement (sizes-)]]\\ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Measurement (sizes-)]]\\ | ||
+ | **N**\\ | ||
+ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Numerical precision]]\\ | ||
**P**\\ | **P**\\ | ||
• [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Project]]\\ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Project]]\\ | ||
**S**\\ | **S**\\ | ||
+ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Simplified indications]]\\ | ||
• [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Specification operators and modifiers (ISO GPS)]]\\ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Specification operators and modifiers (ISO GPS)]]\\ | ||
• [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Stamp/stamps]]\\ | • [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#Stamp/stamps]]\\ | ||
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==== Measurement (sizes-) ==== | ==== Measurement (sizes-) ==== | ||
- | **(Size-)measurements** are used to specify geometric (and other) properties of a product. The meanings of important terms for geometric measurement specifications in #@IC_HTML@# are defined below. | + | **(Size-)measurements** are used to specify geometric and other physical properties of a product (→[[en:infra-convert:user:terms#characteristic_test-_quality|variables Merkmal]]) |
- | The following terms apply to linear measurement elements and measurement tolerances. | + | **(Größen-)Maße** spezifizieren quantifizierbare geometrischer und andere physikalische Eigenschaften eines Produkts (→[[de:infra-convert:user:terms#merkmal_pruef-_qualitaets|variable characteristic]]). They are expressed as the multiple or part (numerical value) of a reference value (unit of measurement): |
- | {{ :en:infra-convert:user:terms:aufbau_mass.png?direct&860 |}} | + | <WRAP group> |
+ | <WRAP centeralign> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <html><font size="+1">Size = Numerical value × Unit of measurement</font></html> | ||
+ | |||
+ | </WRAP> | ||
+ | </WRAP> | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following graphic explains some of the terms used in #@IC_HTML@# for linear measurements and measurement tolerances. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ :en:infra-convert:user:terms:aufbau_mass.png?nolink&860 |}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | In #@IC_HTML@#, the **unit of measurement** is assigned to a characteristic using the [[en:infra-convert:user:terms#class_characteristic|characteristic class]]. The following units with attachments for decimal parts and multiples from different unit systems are available. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Note Your CAQ system provider or administrator can change class names and associated units of measurement for you, see Administrator's Manual infra CONVERT 2019 > Configuration and Import > Parameter File "CharacteristicClasses". | ||
+ | |||
+ | > **Note** Your CAQ system provider or administrator can change class names and associated units of measurement for you, see Administrator's Manual #@IC_HTML@# > Configuration and Import > [[en:infra-convert:dev:characteristicclasses|Parameter file "CharacteristicClasses"]]. | ||
+ | |< 100% 15% 25% 10% 25% 25% >| | ||
+ | ^ Size type ^ Unit name ^ Unit-\\ symbol ^ Reference ^ ID ^ | ||
+ | ^ Length, distance ^ Micrometer | µm | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Micrometer | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Millimetre | mm | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Millimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Centimetre | cm | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Centimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Decimetre*¹ | dm | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Decimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Metre | m | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Meter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Mikroinch | µin | [NIST-19] | Microinch | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Milliinch | mil | [NIST-19] | Mil | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Inch | in | [NIST-19] | Inch | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Foot | ft | [NIST-19] | Foot | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Yard | yd | [NIST-19] | Yard | | ||
+ | ^ Angle ^ Degree | ° | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Degree | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Radiant*² | rad | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Radiant | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Steradiant*² | sr | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Steradiant | | ||
+ | ^ Area ^ Square millimetre*³ | mm² | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | SqareMillimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Square centimetre*³ | cm² | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | SquareCentimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Square metre*³ | m² | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | SquareMeter | | ||
+ | ^ Volume ^ Kubikmillimetre*¹ | mm³ | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | CubicMillimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic millimetre*¹ | cm³ | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | CubicCentimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic centimetre*¹ | dm³ | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | CubicDecimeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic metre*¹ | m³ | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | CubicMeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Milliliter*³ | ml | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Milliliter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Liter, Litre*¹ | l, L | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Liter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic inch*² | in³ | [NIST-19] | CubicInch | | ||
+ | ^ Mass, weight ^ Microgram*¹ | µg | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Microgram | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Milligram*¹ | mg | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Milligram | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Gram | g | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Gram | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kilogram | kg | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Kilogram | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Ton | t | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Ton | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Gran/Grain | gr | [NIST-19] | Grain | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Dram | dr | [NIST-19] | Dram | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Ounce | oz | [NIST-19] | Ounze | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound | lb | [NIST-19] | Pound | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound-mass*² | lb | – | PoundMass | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Tex*² | tex = 1 g/km | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Tex | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Milligrams per square metre*³ | mg/m² | – | MilligramPerSquareMeter | | ||
+ | ^ Force ^ Newton*¹ | N | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Newton | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Decanewton*¹ | daN | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | DecaNewton | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kilonewton*¹ | kN | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | KiloNewton | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Newton per metre*¹ | N/m | – | NewtonPerMeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound-force*² | lbf | – | PoundForce | | ||
+ | ^ Pressure ^ Millibar*¹ | mbar | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Millibar | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Bar*¹ | bar | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Bar | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pascal*¹ | Pa | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Pascal | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Hectopascal*¹ | hPa | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Hectopascal | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kilopascal*¹ | kPa | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Kilopascal | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Megapascal*¹ | MPa | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Megapascal | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound-force per square inch*² | lbf/in² | [NIST-19] | PoundForceSquareInch | | ||
+ | ^ Zeit ^ Millisecond*¹ | ms | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Millisecond | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Second*¹ | s | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Second | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Minute*¹ | min | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Minute | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Hour*¹ | h | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Hour | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Per millisecond*¹ | 1/ms | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | PerMillisecond | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Per second*¹ | 1/s | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | PerSecond | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Per minute*¹ | 1/min | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | PerMinute | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Per hour*¹ | 1/h | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | PerHour | | ||
+ | ^ Speed ^ Metre per second | m/s | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | MeterPerSecond | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Metre per minute | m/min | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | MeterPerMinute | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kilometres per hour | km/h | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | KilometerPerHour | | ||
+ | ^ Flow rate ^ Liters per minute*³ | l/min | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | LiterPerMinute | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic metres per second*³ | m³/s | – | CubicMeterPerSecond | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Cubic metres per minute*³ | m³/mih | – | CubicMeterPerMinute | | ||
+ | ^ Mass flow ^ Kilograms per second*³ | l/min | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | KilogramPerSecond | | ||
+ | ^ Energy, work, heat ^ Newtonmetre | Nm | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Newtonmeter | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Joule*³ | J | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Joule | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound-force-inch*² | lbf-i | – | PoundForceInch | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Pound-force-foot*² | lbf-ft | – | PoundForceFoot | | ||
+ | ^ Effort ^ Milliwatt*³ | mW | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | MilliWatt | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Watt*³ | W | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Watt | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kilowatt*³ | kW | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | KiloWatt | | ||
+ | ^ Temperature ^ Degrees Celsius | °C | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Celsius | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Degrees Fahrenheit | °F | [NIST-19] | Fahrenheit | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Kelvin*¹ | K | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Kelvin | | ||
+ | ^ Electricity ^ Volt*³ | V | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Volt | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Ampere*³ | A | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Ampere | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Ohm*³ | Ω | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Ohm | | ||
+ | ^ Level ^ Decibel*³ | dB | DIN 5493:2013-10 | Decibel | | ||
+ | ^ Auxiliary units ^ Number (of pieces)*³ | pcs = Stk. | – | Piece | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Per million, Parts per million*¹ | pm = ppm | – | PerMillion | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Percent*¹ | % | DIN 5466:1983-02 | Percent | | ||
+ | ^ ::: ^ Mol*³ | mol | DIN 1301-1:2010-10 | Mol | | ||
+ | | NIST-19: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: NIST Handbook 44 : Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices (Appendix C. General Tables of Units of Measurement) 2019.\\ *¹ Available from program version 1.2.0.23\\ *² Available from program version 1.3.9.5\\ *³ Available from program version 1.3.9.8 ||||| | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Numerical precision ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The numerical precision is relevant for the representation of numerical values. If a technical fact is described with numerical values, usually in the form of physical quantities or →[[en:infra-convert:user:terms#measurement_sizes|measurement sizes]], the | ||
+ | accuracy of the displayed number should be in the same order of magnitude as the inaccuracy of the measure itself. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For example, the maximum inaccuracy range of the value 23, if no further information is available, is 22.5 to <23.5. Finally, the value may have resulted from a rounding operation. The last significant digit, here the "3", is the digit that was rounded or may have been rounded. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |< 100% 15% 15% 30% 25% 15% >| | ||
+ | ^ Value ^ Number of relevant digits ^ Rounding range (absolute inaccuracy range) ^ Size of the absolute inaccuracy range ^ Size of relative inaccuracy ^ | ||
+ | | 2**3** | 2 | 22,5 to <23,5 | 1 | 4,35 % | | ||
+ | | 2,**3** | 2 | 2,25 to <2,35 | 0,1 | 4,35 % | | ||
+ | | 23,**0** | 3 | 22,95 to <23,05 | 0,1 | 0,435 % | | ||
+ | | 2**3**00 | 2 | 2250 to <2350 | 100 | 4,35 % | | ||
+ | | 0,00023**0** | 3 | 0,0002295 to <0,0002305 | 0,000001 | 0,435 % | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The number of significant or relevant digits in a decimal number can be identified as follows (see also "DIN EN ISO 80000-1:2013-08, Chapter 7.3.4 Deviation and uncertainty"): | ||
+ | |||
+ | - The number is viewed from left to right. The first non-zero digit is the first relevant digit. | ||
+ | - Following zeros are also relevant, especially if they are to the right of the decimal point. | ||
+ | - Zeros to the left of the comma are only relevant if at least one other digit, including zero, follows to the right of the comma. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The numerical accuracy common in technology ("slide rule accuracy") is achieved by rounding a value so that three significant digits remain. Unless the first significant digit is a one, four significant digits should remain. | ||
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Even if it is technically possible, a project should always only refer to an object that is subject to a test and, if necessary, follow-up tests. This may be, for example, the initial sampling of a product and its subsequent re-sampling (first-piece approvals, requalifications). | Even if it is technically possible, a project should always only refer to an object that is subject to a test and, if necessary, follow-up tests. This may be, for example, the initial sampling of a product and its subsequent re-sampling (first-piece approvals, requalifications). | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Simplified indications ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | By using a **simplified specification**, requirements for a geometry element are specified in simplified form and explained elsewhere in the drawing, for example next to a view or near the title block. This type of specification can be useful if there is not enough space available in a view or if a specification applies to several separate geometry elements and is specified more than once. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following example shows the principle for surface specifications and geometric tolerance specifications. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ :en:infra-convert:user:terms:vereinfachte_angaben.png?nolink&600 |}} | ||
\\ | \\ |